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Theology - Roman or Catholic?
Written by Douglas Wilson   
Friday, 23 September 2011 14:00

A few folks brought my attention to this, and I thought it would be good if I offered a brief response. I had answered a question about Eastern Orthodoxy for a CanonWIRED clip, and this was posted by a gent named Nicodemus as a response to that short video.

First, I appreciate that the response did not consist of screeching. My "blunder" was charitably categorized as an example of Homer nodding, and not an example of a doofus doofusing. So let me start off by saying that I at least appreciate that.

Much of the rest of our differences I would attribute to disagreements, and not to blunders. A disagreement would be if I claimed that EO uses icons in worship, which I believe to be in violation of the Second Commandment. A blunder would be if I maintained that EO patriarachs wear propeller hats, when they in fact do not.

For example, when I said that the idea that EO goes back before Roman Catholicism is "just laughable," the response was that I had blundered. It is then acknowledged that I "partly salvaged" the blooper by saying that the church was "all together" before the split. But I had said this in the very next breath, and did so in a way that showed that I was unfolding my meaning, not walking most of it back. But the response of Nicodemus was this: "What he fails to portray is a lucid understanding of Church history."

But wait a sec. All history is interpreted history. This is true of institutional history as much as any other kind of history. Talking about whether EO left Roman Catholicism or Roman Catholicism left EO is like debating which Siamese twin left the other one during the surgery. If we are talking about age (which is the question I was answering in the video), they are both of them the same age, whether before or after the surgery.   

I also told a story of how Epiphanius, bishop of Salamis, tore down an image in a church and wrote to Jerome about it, full of indignation. "It is a horrid abomination to see in Christian temples a painted image either of Christ or of any saint." My story was not intended to be a respresentation of the entire early church. After all, at least one part of the early church had put that image up in the first place. My point was that opposition to image-worship had an honored place in the early church, and did not come into existence at the time of the Reformation. I had friends back then. The response to my point was that a one-off letter doesn't tell you much, which is true enough. But wide reading in theology and the early fathers does tells you a whole lot, as it has taught me. It was the Council of Elibert that said, "Let naught that is worshipped be depicted on walls." I can live with that.

"It is a historic fact that Roman Catholicism separated itself from the established Church." This is just assuming what you need to prove. Rome says that it was the other Siamese twin that left. Now I agree with my respondent here that the Pope of Rome was having his issues, and that his assertion of supremacy was just the kind of thing that Jesus said not to do. My sole point is that if you are going to argue on the basis of antiquity, more than one entity can argue that. If you are going to argue, as both RC and EO do, that they are indefectible, then I can point to at least one of them as making a false claim. As a classical Protestant, I would point to two of them -- but both EO and RC have to admit that I have found at least one.

My disagreement on the icon issue is taken as an example of another embarrassing "misunderstanding." What that misunderstanding was supposed to be is not exactly stated. I am a classical Protestant, and we don't pray to pictures. The EO do. What misunderstanding?

I need to take a brief moment to say something about Wes Callihan's apology for an article entitled "Presumptuous Icons" that he wrote for Credenda some years back. He has since apologized for his ignorance of the subject when he wrote it, which only he can testify to. If he felt bad about how much background reading he had (not) done when he wrote that piece for us, I sure don't mind. But objectively, his article was quite good, and if he resubmitted it to us again tomorrow (having done all the needful reading), I would publish it again verbatim with whoops and happy yells. Wes is a good friend, and he is currently worshiping at Trinity Reformed Church here in Moscow, and he is presumably happy with his pastors and elders, who say things like this.

"The fact is, the Seventh Ecumenical Counsel dealt meticulously with the issues surrounding the use of Icons in Christian worship." I am happy to grant that they dealt with these issues meticulously. That is not the same thing as biblically, or correctly. So if they, or an angel from Heaven, tell me, however meticulously they tell me, that I should be praying to a picture, I am not going to do it. Furthermore, I am going to be quite meticulous about not doing it. Look, guys, I am a Protestant.

My point about kissing was simply an illustration, and I am happy to provide another one (every bit as good) to make it clear that I understand the point being made here. Our congregation stands in our liturgy during the Scripture reading out of respect, and I stand when a lady enters the room. Are these the same? Well, the standing part is, but the meanings vary. Why can't we make those kinds of distinctions while bowing down before a picture? Well, because the Bible says not to try.

Last point. "What is disappointing is, though certainly able, Pastor Wilson has refused thus far to do the reading and study easily available to him needed to understand the issue of Icons before making specious public declarations." There is something of a baffling point here. I surely have no idea of what he means by "refused thus far to do the reading and study available to him." How does he know what reading and study I have done on this?

 

 



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Joel  - Credenda  Friday, September 23, 2011 2:41 pm
I would really like to see Credenda take another pass at EO as the last time you did, it garnered so much (continuing) attention. Failing that, please make the old issue readily available online.
Matthew N. Petersen  Friday, September 23, 2011 3:09 pm
I suppose Mr. Callihan can speak for himself, but there seems to be a huge difference between his actual apology and your summary of it. "Excellent, but perhaps not well researched" and "I would be willing to offer a public retraction" are completely different things. Almost to the point of dishonesty.

Second, as a member of Trinity I would not have someone quote that statement as expressing my view. I respect the people who wrote it, and I submit to it, but that is different from agreeing with it.

Finally, you may be correct that Orthodox practice is idolatrous. That, however, does not protect you from misrepresentation bordering on slander and prejudice. This video wasn't bad, but the original Credenda was awful. If you do decide to interact with Orthodoxy again, more interaction, and less caricature and misrepresentation would be appreciated.
Jamey Bennett  - Readin' bonafides  Friday, September 23, 2011 4:08 pm
Hi Pastor Wilson,
I'm really glad to see you interacting with this. I just want to slip one suggestion in here...

You asked, "How does he know what reading and study I have done on this?" Aside from a general speculation based on what we Orthodox converts think you might have (or should have?) said if you'd read X, Y, or Z, we do have your own statement in this video:
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=t1rDCpGjb-k&feature=youtube_gdata_player

I suspect that Nicodemus recalled you saying, essentially, Y'all read Letham on Orthodoxy because he's a sharp dude and I trust him on this one (though I haven't read the book myself). The fact that you recommended a secondary source on Orthodoxy, without having even read that, does imply something.

But who knows? You may have read a'plenty! :D

God's peace,
Jamey
Douglas Wilson  Friday, September 23, 2011 6:51 pm
Jamey, unfortunately there is not much to choose from in suggesting a contemporary Reformed interaction with EO. I have read Letham a good bit elsewhere, and respect him, and so I suggested that book for those who those who are studying the issue. I could have recommended what I have done, which is wide reading in the early fathers over the course of years, but for regular folks writing in with a question like that, it is a bit too broad. To reason that I have not read on the subject because I recommended one book I haven't read is a stretch.

Matt, I am happy for Wes to be willing to retract that article based on his report of his readiness to write it. But I just read it again today, and the magazine would not be willing to retract any of the assertions in the article, which we think were just fine. I was not trying to summarize Wes's entire view of the article. I was summarizing the editorial take of Credenda on the article. And I was not trying to (honestly or otherwise) say that he would agree with us running it again. I just said that we would, and gladly.
Gregory Soderberg  - Some Helpful Books  Wednesday, September 28, 2011 8:52 am
Actually, there is are few books out there.

At Trinity College, I was studying the supposed influence of EO theology on John Calvin (quite a few scholars have claimed this, though not with much support). I found these helpful:

1. Three Views on Eastern Orthodoxy and Evangelicalism - Mike Horton represents the classical Protestant view here, and does it quite well, showing great appreciation for EO, while offering substantive critiques.

2. Eastern Orthodoxy Through Western Eyes - Donald Fairbairn. Very helpful.

3. Light From the Christian East - James R. Payton. I believe Payton spoke at NSA in recent years. I've had some interaction with him. He's a gentleman, and a scholar.

4. Eastern Orthodox Christianity - Daniel B. Clendenin. (I don't believe Clendenin is Reformed, but he is Protestant.)

Matthew N. Petersen  Friday, September 23, 2011 8:19 pm
Pr. Wilson,

Regarding your point to Jamey:

There is also your article from that Credenda which very clearly fails to understand the Energies/Essence distinction--the whole motivation for the distinction is to allow for a real Incarnation and a real conformity to the image of Christ, while maintaining the Creator/Creature distinction; and therefore to accuse them of blurring the Creator/Creature distinction is patently absurd, and demonstrates a profound lack of understanding of Orthodox thought.

Your most recent post seems to suggest that your qualification for speaking on Orthodoxy is reading St. Basil--though your caviler dismissal of the Second Council of Constantinople belies even this. But the real question is not regarding your familiarity with St. Augustine, but with Orthodoxy. I suppose I shall have to ask you point blank. What is your qualification for speaking on Orthodoxy, and for judging whether Mr. Callihan's article is worthy of publication?

Regarding your point for me:

However, the rhetorical effect of your paragraph was to blunt the force of the retraction. But the force of the retraction cannot be blunted. The piece was retracted, the author formally, and publicly apologized, and thinks the piece was slip-shod. Though you may stand by the piece, it has been retracted.
Douglas Wilson  Saturday, September 24, 2011 6:10 am
Matt,

With regard to your first point, I have been in enough discussions about this to know that "failure to understand" is often confused with what is actually going on, which is "failure to agree."

Second, your distinction between reading the early fathers and reading in Orthodoxy only makes sense if there is a difference between them. Is there? Apart from that, my qualifications to speak to this issue amount to my understanding of the Second Commandment, and my intent to keep it. I do not need to read a ton of books to understand my need to refrain from praying to pictures.

And last, the article is not retracted until it is retracted editorially. The editors put it in, and only the editors can take it out. What you have is an apology from the author, which is fine. But the article stands.
TBush  - Even in Indiana  Saturday, September 24, 2011 6:27 am
Douglas Wilson wrote:
Matt,

With regard to your first point, I have been in enough discussions about this to know that "failure to understand" is often confused with what is actually going on, which is "failure to agree."


Man- if I had a nickel for every time I've had that happen to me... well, I'd have a tall stack of nickels.

10 years ago I had a very dear friend "head east" and become EO, and after all the books he had me read and tapes I listened to by Franky and other EO converts, I came to this conclusion: My friend had never fully understood nor committed to Sola Scriptura. Without that a priori foundation, there's really no reason to remain Protestant.
Matthew N. Petersen  Saturday, September 24, 2011 10:29 am
Pr. Wilson,

No, we cannot say a priori that Orthodoxy is the same as the Early Church, and indeed, if you read the comments at orthodoxbridge.com, you would see that I defended you on precisely this point. Anyway, if you believed the Orthodox were just like the Fathers, you'd be Orthodox. (At least I believe so, though you dismiss St. Cyril and the Fifth Ecumenical Council.) As you well know, reading the Fathers is a necessary condition for critiquing the Orthodox, but it is definitely not a sufficient condition.

Second, I'm pretty sure many a TR hit blogger has used the distinction between understanding and agreeing to excuse his ignorant and uninformed hits against you. That's just a dodge. If you are unable to demonstrate even a passing familiarity with your opponents position, and if you are unable to accurately summarize your opponent's
position, then you do not understand.

As you have said "the ninth commandment should be honored at all times...this includes [by] those who [sic] ordinations did not provide them with a magic decoder ring that enables them to understand theology when it gets over their heads."

And that is precisely what your article in Credenda showed the Orthodox position was: over your head.

You have no Magic decoder-ring. You are free to say "I don't really understand Orthodoxy, but I do know we shouldn't bow before images." But know that your opponents, and reformed with Orthodox sympathies, will find this very highly unconvincing, and indeed ridiculous.

Which, as I said above, is not to say that you shouldn't criticize the Orthodox, and attempt to interact with them. But do interact with them, as you would have your opponents interact with you.

Thus, don't caricature Palamism. And if you want to say simply that iconolatry is forbidden reverence for Christ, like high place worship, fine. But if you want to say that it is idolatry, simpliciter, then at least be consistent, and say it is treasonous to recite the pledge of allegiance to the flag, and that John Piper's recent tweet: "Should we love true theology or God? Bad question. I love this tattered old picture of my wife." reveals adulterous affection for a piece of paper.
Justin  Saturday, September 24, 2011 11:42 am
Matt,

The two things that you mentioned (pledging allegiance and loving a picture of one’s wife) are not the same as praying to, or worshipping, an image of Christ. Neither one of those things are, in and of themselves, worship.

I think that we’d all agree, though, that a man talking to a picture of his wife instead of the real thing would be pretty weird. I, for one, would hope that my wife would give me quite the look if I started doing that.
Douglas Wilson  Saturday, September 24, 2011 12:42 pm
Matt,

Quote:
You are free to say "I don't really understand Orthodoxy, but I do know we shouldn't bow before images." But know that your opponents, and reformed with Orthodox sympathies, will find this very highly unconvincing, and indeed ridiculous.

I don't care how they find it. I care how God finds me. And if He finds me praying to a picture, He has found me in a state I don't ever want to be found in.

Perhaps those who find this position unconvincing/ridiculous do so because they are bowing before images, or are sympathetic to those who bow before images. Faithfulness on this point looks simplistic, and obedience looks like it is in over its head. But when you are bowing before images, everything, obedience included, is over your head. The Bible says not to do it.

"If any man will do his will, he shall know of the doctrine, whether it be of God, or whether I speak of myself" (John 7:17).
Matthew N. Petersen  Saturday, September 24, 2011 4:15 pm
Pr. Wilson,

You continue to misunderstand me--it is beginning to seem willful. I am not attempting to prove the Orthodox are correct. Your Bulverisms are aside the point. I am attempting to get you to play fair. You have no duty to engage the Orthodox. But if you chose to engage them, you have a duty before God, a duty commanded in the Ninth Commandment, and in the Golden Rule, to be familiar with your opponent, and to engage what they say.
Douglas Wilson  Saturday, September 24, 2011 8:26 pm
Matt, I didn't say you were defending Orthodox practice as correct, and I don't think you are. I was responding to your positing of two groups that would find my position risible -- the Orthodox and the reformed with Orthodox sympathies. My reply encompassed both groups -- and I did that on purpose. That was willful.

You have asserted a number of times that I have misunderstood or misrepresented the Orthodox, but the examples you give are examples of disagreements, not misrepresentations. Give me an example of something I maintain that the Orthodox say or do which in fact they don't say or do. This is not the same thing as me saying that something they say or do amounts to or leads to this other thing "over here," which I differ with. That is disagreement, not misrepresentation.
Matthew N. Petersen  Saturday, September 24, 2011 4:26 pm
Justin,

But I don't think any Orthodox would say that he actually prays to images, or worships images (at least not in the way you mean it). That is, he doesn't expect the image to save him, and he doesn't think the piece of wood in front of him is actually the creator of the world. Both the Orthodox, and someone who says the pledge of allegiance offer allegiance that rightly is only offered to the thing signified, and not to the sign. However, there is a radical disjoint between our understandings of the two situations. In the first, we argue that it is idolatrous, in the second, it seems ridiculous to the point of absurdity to claim it is treasonous. This is a problem, and shows, I believe, an incorrect understanding of Orthodox practice.

But that does not mean that Orthodox practice is not a forbidden sort of reverence for God. And your second comment gets at that. It isn't fully developed, but your comment could perhaps, after a thorough-going acquaintance with Orthodoxy, be developed into a critique of Orthodox practice.
Melody  Saturday, September 24, 2011 4:45 pm
This is an interesting exchange and I could easily jump in as I have dealt with 'Labyrinth Walks' in my own denomination. But I need to put the following unrelated comment somewhere so here it is:

"GO DOGS" - Fresno State beat Idaho today in Moscow. I wasn't there but I did watch on TV. Guess you know who I was rooting for. :D
Douglas Wilson  Saturday, September 24, 2011 8:35 pm
Matt, no idolater in the history of the world with an IQ over 100 thought he was praying to the rock or wood by itself. There is always some kind of metaphysical juju going on, and the philosophers really dig it. This is true of pagans and Christians both.

And yet . . . the fact that idolaters have always had their sophisticated theology (that Joe Judah didn't understand) didn't prevent Isaiah from conducting some unsophisticated refutation involving what the carpenter did with the rest of the log after he choose which end to make the god out of. For anyone who deeply understands the sophisticated metaphysics employed by the pantheist who can bow down to the wood because he can bow down to anything, this analysis makes it seem like Isaiah is in over his head. But to the rest of us, it seems kind of funny. And this is possible because the Bible has a cut to the chase approach to this subject -- don't pray to pictures. Stop it.
Matthew N. Petersen  Saturday, September 24, 2011 9:38 pm
Pr. Wilson,

The misrepresentation to which I have referred is the old Table Talk article from the Credenda in question, reposted, here: http://bit.ly/nvzSrO.

So far as I can tell, your argument is that Orthodox blur the Creator Creature distinction, and the blurring of this, the most fundamental of all distinctions causes them to be unable to make distinctions elsewhere.

You said "The Eastern Church blurs the ultimate distinction between Creator and creature with their doctrine of theosis, or deification...When the Eastern Orthodox argue for an ontological union between man and God’s energies, they are confusing the one thing that must not be confused."

But this is simply a misrepresentation. The whole point of the Energies/Essences distinction is to allow for a true Incarnation and a full conformity to the image of Christ, while maintaining inviolable, the distinction (if it may be so called) between Creator and creature.

Even on the thread to that article Perry Robinson, a well-informed Orthodox man, accused you of prejudice for your clear lack of understanding of Palamism.

Sorry I misunderstood your point, it sounded like it was directed at me, but I can see on a re-read that it was not.
Douglas Wilson  Sunday, September 25, 2011 4:54 am
Matt, thanks for that. And thanks for the reference. I will go re-read it and get back.
Douglas Wilson  Sunday, September 25, 2011 6:35 pm
Matt, I went back and read the article. I honestly think we are still dealing with a confusion of disagreements and misrepresentations. I did not maintain in that article that EO did not care about the Creator/creature divide, or that they did not try to preserve it, etc., only that I believe their doctrine muddied that distinction. They might muddy the distinction because they were trying to, or they might do it while trying not to.

It is the same kind of thing as with the Roman Catholic view of dulia, hyperdulia, and latria. They are obviously trying to guard against falling under a biblical censure. I don't believe it works. They believe it does. But if I say that an iconodule is an idolater, this does not mean that I have misrepresented them. It simply means I am not persuaded by them.
Matthew N. Petersen  Sunday, September 25, 2011 7:11 pm
Pr. Wilson, et al.

Perhaps I have failed to be clear regarding my central point. I do not contest your authority to exhort against Orthodoxy. And the video contained exhortations regarding Orthodoxy. With this I have no problem.

What I question is your bona fides to engage Orthodoxy. And though the video contained only exhortation, the article claims an ability to engage Orthodoxy (the last paragraph) and an ability even to judge between engagements of Orthodoxy (the paragraph on the retracted article).

I object to your engagement for several reasons. First, the engagement with Orthodoxy I have seen is poor, as I explained in my last post. Second, you have basically admitted that you only have a passing familiarity with Orthodoxy, a familiarity that may qualify you for exhortations, but which does not qualify you for engagement, or for judgment between engagements. And finally, regarding the issue of icons, you simply refuse to engage, only repeating judgment without argumentation, in a manner which though perhaps convincing to the already convinced, is hardly compelling to the wavering, or to your opponents—and indeed the fact that it is not should hardly come as a surprise, as you are not really engaging at all, but insisting without argument on a judgment.

But what do I mean by your refusal to engage, and instead only to repeat judgments? There are two questions regarding icons. First, is it idolatrous to use icons? And then, if not, is it permissible? The Scriptures speak to the second, but they do not directly speak to the first. On the authority of Scripture, we can judge simply that bowing before images is forbidden—that is, we can bypass the first question and answer the second. However, Scripture does not directly address the first. Much Orthodox apologetics is spent defending the first, and I shall argue, they are correct. But an answer to the first question, whether icons are idolatrous, does not immediately answer the most important question, the question of whether icons are permitted. Therefore, you are free to concede the first question, and maintain your central concern intact—that you don’t want Jesus to find you bowing before an image when he comes.

However, you offer without argument a judgment on the first question, when there are indeed very good reasons to suppose the Orthodox have answered it correctly.

Consider as follows: A Narnian could mock the worshipers of Tash just as Isaiah mocks the idolatrous Canaanites. And though it would, of course, be a problem if the Carlomen worshiped wood, their real problem is that they do not in fact worship wood, but the terrible bird-demon Tash, who will devour them. They are open to mockery for fashioning their gods, but the terrible fact is that they do not in fact fashion their god, but rather shall be devoured by him. They are not in fact worshiping the image, but the terrible monster imaged.

This distinction between worship for the image and worship for the imaged can be made a general rule: though the pagans are open to mockery for fashioning their gods, worship is not for the wood, but for the one imaged. Canaanites worship the whole host of heaven, they use clay to do this.

But if we apply this to the issue at hand, to the question of images of Jesus Christ, our King and our God, we see that iconolaters do not in fact worship wood—though perhaps they are open to mockery—but the one imaged, Jesus Christ. This however, does not imply that they are in the right, but only that their worship, be it licit or illicit, is not idolatry but worship of Jesus Christ.

But though you assure us you are qualified to judge engagements with the Orthodox, you seem unwilling to make the distinction between worship of the image and worship of the imaged, however intuitive and natural and necessary it is in the rest of our life (see my earlier comments regarding the pledge of allegiance and John Piper’s love of an old picture of his wife), even how necessary they are in discussions of pagan idolatry; nor even, rejecting them, to argue against them. And this, I believe, above all else, is what convinces us that you do not understand, and in fact are not qualified to engage Orthodoxy, nor to judge engagements of Orthodoxy, however qualified you may be to exhort against it.
Matthew N. Petersen  Sunday, September 25, 2011 7:38 pm
Sorry for the double post, we cross-posted.

Regarding your most recent post: First, I do not believe you are familiar enough with Palamism to make that judgment. Second, I am not terribly familiar with Palamism, but I do know enough to know that it maintains that distinction (if it may be so called) crystal clear. I did not say that you thought they did not value that distinction, but that that distinction is fundamental to the system, that is, that accusing them of muddying that is akin to accusing Calvinists of muddying the doctrine of election. If anything their doctrine makes the distinction crystal clear.

Also, the analogy with the Catholic distinctions does not hold, for they regard practice, and so the distinctions can be without a difference; whereas Palamism is a doctrinal system, and so if it preserves the distinction, it simply does. It might still be wrong, but it preserves that distinction, as almost fundamental--indeed it is a common Orthodox criticism of Calvinism that the Calvinist system does not allow for the preservation of the creature in the Incarnation.
Douglas Wilson  Sunday, September 25, 2011 8:34 pm
But Matt, non-Calvinists accuse Calvinists of muddying the doctrine of election all the time. That is what makes it a disagreement.

But on to the substance. So then, on your reasoning one can worship a false god by false means, and one can worship the true God by false means. I can grant this as a useful distinction for us to make.

Quote:
"And he received them at their hand, and fashioned it with a graving tool, after he had made it a molten calf: and they said, These be thy gods, O Israel, which brought thee up out of the land of Egypt. And when Aaron saw it, he built an altar before it; and Aaron made proclamation, and said, To morrow is a feast to the LORD. And they rose up early on the morrow, and offered burnt offerings, and brought peace offerings; and the people sat down to eat and to drink, and rose up to play" (Ex. 32:4-6).


But, though we can make such a distinction, it is not a distinction between idolatry and non-idolatry. The Bible condemns them both, and in the same terms. When the people of Israel were prohibited from making images, they were prohibited from making images of the true God as much as anything else in the creation that they might bow down to in the name of a false god (Dt. 4:12).

And, to cinch it, when Paul discusses the golden calf incident, cited above, which was the worship of YHWH, he calls it . . . idolatry.

Quote:
"Neither be ye idolaters, as were some of them; as it is written, The people sat down to eat and drink, and rose up to play. Neither let us commit fornication, as some of them committed, and fell in one day three and twenty thousand" (1 Cor. 10:7-8).


The apostle Paul condemns a certain form of YHWH worship as idolatry. What? Because of the presence of the calf, not because of the absence of YHWH. This means that people who worship Jesus Christ, the true God, in the form of images, even though this is far, far better than the worship of Tash, are still guilty of idolatry.
Douglas Wilson  Sunday, September 25, 2011 8:34 pm
Sorry about the sunglasses guy. Don't know what that is.
Joel  - Golden Calf  Monday, September 26, 2011 3:44 am
John Sailhamer points out that the golden calf *was* intended to represent Yaweh:

"In the present passage the term gods, or rather god, represented in the golden calf, seems to be understood as an attempt to represent the God of the covenant with a physical image. The apostasy of the golden calf, therefore, was idolatry, not polytheism. Indeed, throughout Scripture Israel was repeatedly warned about the sin of idolatry."

I have an extended quote here:

http://livingtext.wordpress.com/2008/01/12/the-golden-calf/
Matthew N. Petersen  Sunday, September 25, 2011 10:17 pm
I may have been unclear due to the word "muddied". Non-Calvinists do not, however, accuse Calvinists of denying predestination. But anyway, do you understand Palamism well enough to interact with it? Could you explain the Energies/Essence distinction to me? Have you read Palamas? Why should I believe your assertion? Why should you believe your assertion? When someone unqualified disagrees with the qualified, it is called a misrepresentation.

However, on to the substance: Let me get this straight: you are saying the Israelites did not create a new god, and call it YHVH, but that they were in fact worshiping YHVH?

Um, no. YHVH is not a cow-god, and whether or no we have an image, if we worship a cow-god named YHVH, claiming he brought Israel up from Egypt, we thereby commit idolatry.

As Deuteronomy says, prior to Christ, any putative image of YHVH was precisely thereby not an image of YHVH, for they saw "no manner of similitude on the day that the LORD spake unto [them] in Horeb out of the midst of the fire." (Deuteronomy 4:15)

However, we have not come to Horeb, but to Zion, precisely thereby we have seen an Icon. (Col 1:15) And therefore it is no longer the case that icons, merely by virtue of being icons, are not icons of YHVH. YHVH is indeed, in all literal truth, a man. And an image of that Man, precisely by virtue of being an image of that Man, is an image of YHVH.
Douglas Wilson  Monday, September 26, 2011 5:42 am
Quote:
When someone unqualified disagrees with the qualified, it is called a misrepresentation.

No matter what either of them are saying?
Quote:
Um, no. YHVH is not a cow-god, and whether or no we have an image, if we worship a cow-god named YHVH, claiming he brought Israel up from Egypt, we thereby commit idolatry

Now on your terms you are misrepresenting the high priest of Israel, because he said it was YHWH.
Douglas Wilson  Monday, September 26, 2011 6:04 am
And Matt, with regard to your over-riding point, I really am qualified to be doing what I am doing. I don't know every branch and twig, but I do know where the root of the tree is. And I have an axe.
Matthew N. Petersen  Monday, September 26, 2011 6:38 am
Perhaps you know where the trunk is, but you whack at it like a kid at a pinata--blindfolded. If you have no expertise to speak on a subject, or to judge about a topic, you should simply remain silent.
Douglas Wilson  Monday, September 26, 2011 7:58 am
Matt, that's true. We should all be silent when we don't know what we are talking about. This includes me. But you don't know what kind of work I have done on this subject.
Matthew N. Petersen  Tuesday, September 27, 2011 7:42 am
Except when Jamey and I asked you seemed to imply you had not done any. If you have done lots, stop pointing to things which do not qualify you as if they do, and point to the things which do. We asked up front for your bona fides. If you have them, why did you not give them?
Matthew N. Petersen  Monday, September 26, 2011 6:37 am
Perhaps I should be more clear regarding the first point: We are disagreeing, but we are disagreeing on a matter of fact, not a matter of interpretation. That is if you are wrong, you are misrepresenting them, not merely misinterpreting them. It may be willful, but it it more likely, through vincible ignorance.

But my analogy wasn't quite correct either. Your claim that Orthodox muddy the Creator/creature distinction is akin to claiming the Lutherans muddy the law/gospel distinction. Both, you would argue, get it wrong, but they don't muddy it. They don't fail to make it.

So far as I can tell, you have defined things so you can never be accused of misrepresentation. You, the unlearned expert, simply know by some crazy inner light, that they are wrong, and disagree with anyone who says otherwise.

Um...no, I'm not misrepresenting Aaron, I'm disagreeing with him. He said it was YHVH, but as you know, it wasn't, this ridiculous dodge aside, as you well know.
Matthew N. Petersen  Sunday, September 25, 2011 10:18 pm
It's an 8, followed by a close parenthesis. Your citation was I Cor. 10:7-8. But since you enclosed it in parentheses the auto correct to emoticon tool made it a sunglasses guy. It's really easy to do, and no bother.

8)
Joel  Monday, September 26, 2011 3:47 am
During the iconoclastic controversy, the defenders of icons (the iconodules) appealed to antiquity for the origin of icons. Jaroslav Pelikan writes:
The church, they maintained, had been worshiping images "ever since the time of Christ's descent to earth"; [...] this traditional authority belonged to the images which had been "from the beginning, from the tradition of the apostles and fathers," as could be seen from the practice of the most ancient churches and from the multitude of the images themselves (Pelikan 98).[2]
Pelikan quotes Theodore of Studios who believed that since the time of Jesus images had been part of Christian worship: "It has been established by the tradition of the church, as the church under heaven proclaims by her deeds in her sacred temples and offerings, that since the beginning, from the outset of the divine proclamation [of the gospel], the holy images were erected, those which you now condemn" (Pelikan 134). Ouspensky repeats this fable: "...tradition asserts that the evangelist Luke painted the icons of the Virgin after Pentecost" (Ouspensky 2003, 50). Ouspensky imagines that icons existed from the earliest days of the church: "Icons used for prayer that date from the first centuries of Christianity have not reached us, but we know of them both from Church Tradition and from historical evidence.[...] Expression of this fundamental line is given by the Church Tradition telling us of the existence of an icon of the Savior during His lifetime and of icons of the Holy Virgin immediately after Him" (Ouspensky 1989, 25). But we know that these appeals to history were based on no real historical foundation.

Historian Alain Besancon writes:
The development of a specifically Christian art was modest and extremely slow in the early centuries. The walls of the catacombs were marked with graffiti, sketches, signs, and symbols for initiates. Pagan symbols were often charged with a new meaning. The garden, the palm tree, and the peacock symbolized earthly paradise. The ship, a symbol of prosperity and of a fortunate journey through life, became the church. The erotic theme of Eros and Psyche came to signify the soul's thirst and the love of God in Jesus Christ. Hermes, a symbol of humanity, began to represent the Good Shepherd. The sleeping Endymion became Jonah under the booth. There were many other scenes from the Old Testament as well: Daniel in the lion's den, the three children in the fiery furnace, Adam and Eve. Only in the late second century did specifically Christian symbols appear: the miracle of the bread and fishes (a prefiguration of the Last Supper), the Adoration of the Magi (the gentile entering into the Covenant), Lazarus raised from the dead. Finally, arcane symbols arose, comprehensible only for the few: the vineyard, and above all, the fish, the ichthus, an acronym for Christ. These signs were found from Spain to Asia Minor and from Africa to the Rhine River, with no change in style or subject matter. The paintings were rudimentary: a few strokes in a limited spectrum of colors. They were not images of worship. The church was imposing no program. They were reminders, mementos of Christ or the Virgin, not portraits of them (Besancon 109-11).
Historians who do not have a vested interest in defending the Orthodox position that icons were commissioned in the New Testament era clearly demonstrate that icon veneration (and more broadly prayer to saints) was a late development. Ramsey MacMullen says:
This may be the place to mention early images of Jesus, with Paul and Peter on display in places of worship - a practice, it need hardly be said, originating neither in Judaism nor in primitive Christianity. Nor did it originate among the Christian leadership. The Council of Elvira of ca. 306 forbade it inside churches (MacMullen 130).
MacMullen is referring to Canon 36 of the Council of Elvira which states: "Pictures are not to be placed in churches, so that they do not become objects of worship and adoration" (Pennington 2008).
Joel  Monday, September 26, 2011 3:49 am
Across the Empire as it became acceptable to become a Christian, the acceptance of pagan attitudes towards images accelerated:

With peace within the church and the conversion of Constantine, Christian art in the strict sense began; its fundaments determined the centuries that followed. The powerful called for an art as lofty as their own "connoisseurship," and artists now worked without constraint for the glory of the new faith.
There was already an imperial pagan art: only a slight shift was needed to make it a Christian art. The philosopher became Christ, the apostle, or the prophet. The theme of imperial apotheosis was transformed into the Ascension of Christ. The offerings of presents corresponded to the Adoration of the Magi, the adventus (the triumphal entrance of the sovereign) to Christ's arrival in Jerusalem. In fact, court ritual provided a framework for Christian art. Just as artists represented the emperor and empress on their thrones, sorrounded by their entourage, they depicted Christ and the Virgin among the saints and angels. In Santa Maria Maggiore, the Virgin is represented as the empress. One of the first Christian paintings (from the first half of the sixth century), housed in Santa Maria Antiqua, shows the Virgin as the emperor's wife, wearing the imperial diadem and the robes and jewels of her office.
There were constant exchanges between the Christian image and the imperial image. The latter transmitted its force to the former. In the imperial world, it was understood that the emperor's image could be a legal substitute for the emperor's actual presence. It took the place of his person. In legal proceedings, if the emperor's portrait was present, the judge rendered his judgment without appeal, like Caesar in person. The legal and religious efficacity of the image was naturally transferred to Christian images. The icon was later heir to it (Besancon 109-110).
Joel  Monday, September 26, 2011 3:52 am
Epiphanius the Bishop of Salamis was a church father who firmly combated heresy in his writings and participated in the great ecumenical councils. In a letter to John, the Bishop of Jerusalem written in 394 A.D., he condemns images of men or Christ being set up in churches as against the Scriptures:

Moreover, I have heard that certain persons have this grievance against me: When I accompanied you to the holy place called Bethel, there to join you in celebrating the Collect, after the use of the Church, I came to a villa called Anablatha and, as I was passing, saw a lamp burning there. Asking what place it was, and learning it to be a church, I went in to pray, and found there a curtain hanging on the doors of the said church, dyed and embroidered. It bore an image either of Christ or of one of the saints; I do not rightly remember whose the image was. Seeing this, and being loath that an image of a man should be hung up in Christ’s church contrary to the teaching of the Scriptures, I tore it asunder and advised the custodians of the place to use it as a winding sheet for some poor person. They, however, murmured, and said that if I made up my mind to tear it, it was only fair that I should give them another curtain in its place. As soon as I heard this, I promised that I would give one, and said that I would send it at once. Since then there has been some little delay, due to the fact that I have been seeking a curtain of the best quality to give to them instead of the former one, and thought it right to send to Cyprus for one. I have now sent the best that I could find, and I beg that you will order the presbyter of the place to take the curtain which I have sent from the hands of the Reader, and that you will afterwards give directions that curtains of the other sort—opposed as they are to our religion—shall not be hung up in any church of Christ. A man of your uprightness should be careful to remove an occasion of offence unworthy alike of the Church of Christ and of those Christians who are committed to your charge. (Cited in the works of St. Jerome)

Jon Dechow writes of Epiphanius:

The experience at Anablatha and the resulting criticism seem to have prompted Epiphanius, not long after, to write a pamphlet against images. In about 394 he also wrote a letter to Emperor Theodosius in which he complained about the manufacture of images and the misconceptions of Christ and the saints that the images foster. When the letter apparently made little impression on the emperor, Epiphanius wrote a last will and testament in which he advised his Cypriot constituents "always, through memory, to have God only in their hearts, but not in an ordinary building, since it is impossible for Christ to be raised up through [the] eyes and musings of the mind."
Ther heresiologist's antipathy toward images shared, paradoxically, by Origen and the Origenist Eusebius of Caesarea (Florovsky 1950) -- is set in the framework of an aversion to Hellenistic idolatry in the mainstream Christianity of the time. "When images are put up," Epiphanius says, "the customs of the pagans do not rest." The earlier refusal of Eusebius to grant Empress Constantia's request for an image of Christ displays the same tendency. Like Eusebius', Epiphanius' concern about images is linked to christology. Attachment to images, he thought, encourages the veneration of earthly representations that, in the case of the Lord, intrinsically diminish his incarnate nature (Dechow, Jon Frederick. Dogma and Mysticism in Early Christianity. University of Pennsylvania, 1975.)

Let's be clear, Epiphanius is a saint of the Orthodox Church and he is completely rejecting even having images in church (an extreme position in my mind). This shows us that:

(1) Images were creeping into the Christian Church;
(2) This was not ok with some, and was considered un-Scriptural.

I don't know how the defenders of icon veneration make sense of it. Was this great Bishop unaware of the 'unwritten oral tradition' from the Apostles that justified icons? Was his understanding of the Scriptures flawed? Because his position is the same as the Protestant position, and yet it cannot be dismissed as rising from the 'Protestant heresy.' Does Epiphanius get to be part of the tradition?
Matthew N. Petersen  Monday, September 26, 2011 6:39 am
If you know that much, though, you probably also know that there is considerable scholarly debate, even today, over whether those writings ascribed to Epiphanius are legitimate, or later forgeries.
Joel  Monday, September 26, 2011 8:37 am
Augustine:

"Do not hunt up the numbers of ignorant people, who even in the true religion are superstitious, or are so given up to evil passions as to forget what they have promised to God. I know that there are many worshipers of tombs and pictures. I know that there are many who drink to great excess over the dead, and who, in the feasts which they make for corpses, bury themselves over the buried, and give to their gluttony and drunkenness the name of religion."
Matthew N. Petersen  Monday, September 26, 2011 7:14 pm
However, I believe Augustine praises his mother for worshiping at the tombs, but without the boozing. That is, Augustine's point isn't the relics, or the images, but the boozing.
Eric Stampher  - Not good enough  Monday, September 26, 2011 9:44 pm
Nice civil duel betwixt you boys. Most helpful.

But Matt -- that crazy inner light is good enough starter fuel for comment by Doug. He's not claiming expert status on Ortho's. Just something of a grip on the Word, trying to shine it on the bit he sees.

Bottom line, Jesus makes a mighty fine icon. Anything less is too much less to do more good than harm.
Matthew N. Petersen  Tuesday, September 27, 2011 7:39 am
If that were his point, I'm not sure I'd have a problem with it. But he has been saying a lot more than that.

And knowledge of the Word does not give him knowledge of his opponents, nor in itself equip him to engage them.
Gregory Soderberg  - Some Helpful Books  Wednesday, September 28, 2011 8:53 am
Actually, there are a few books out there.

At Trinity College, I was studying the supposed influence of EO theology on John Calvin (quite a few scholars have claimed this, though not with much support). I found these helpful:

1. Three Views on Eastern Orthodoxy and Evangelicalism - Mike Horton represents the classical Protestant view here, and does it quite well, showing great appreciation for EO, while offering substantive critiques.

2. Eastern Orthodoxy Through Western Eyes - Donald Fairbairn. Very helpful.

3. Light From the Christian East - James R. Payton. I believe Payton spoke at NSA in recent years. I've had some interaction with him. He's a gentleman, and a scholar.

4. Eastern Orthodox Christianity - Daniel B. Clendenin. (I don't believe Clendenin is Reformed, but he is Protestant.)